Shafts are widely used mechanical components which are used to transmit power through devices such as gears and pulleys. Problem 1 on design of shaft design of machine youtube. Design optimization and verification skf can work with you to optimize current or new designs with proprietary 3d modelling sof tware that can also be used as a virtual test rig to confirm the integrity of the design. At the conclusion of this course, the student will. A practical guide to shaft alignment plant services. Standard shaft elements such as shoulders and keys have standard proportions, making it possible to estimate stress concentrations factors before determining actual sizes. Consequently, shaft deflection analysis is almost always done with the assistance of software. Stress analysis assuming a solid shaft with round cross section, appropriate geometry terms can be introduced for c, i, and j resulting in the fluctuating stresses duedueobed gadoso as to bending and torsion as combining these stresses in accordance with the distortion energy failure. Design and optimization of automobile propeller shaft with composite. Options include specialized shaft software, general beam deflection software, and finite element analysis software. The outer ring is a close push fit in the housing for assembly reasons and also to allow slight.
Lobbies in front of lift shaft entrances must be designed and arranged. Shaft design asme shaft equations design of shaft for torsional rigidity standard sizes of shafts bending and torsional moments prof. Introduction shaft design city, university of london. Machine design objectives after studying this unit, you should be able to describe types of shafts, take decisions to select the materials for shaft, estimate shaft diameters in different segments along length, and design couplings for shafts. Find bending moments from gears, pulleys, or sprockets that are transmitting loads to or from other devices.
Freely browse and use ocw materials at your own pace. You can see a shaft in almost every machine, which has rotating parts. Shaft stresses similar approach can be taken with any of the fatigue failure criteria equations are referred to by referencing both the distortion energy method of combining stresses and the fatigue failure locus name. Design, failure analysis and optimization of a propeller shaft for hmv. Since it is not practical to consider all these variables in a reasonably useful alignment. The overall objective of this paper is to design and analyse a composite drive shaft for power transmission applications.
A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Shaft design pdf pto shaft bearings elevator shaft propeller shaft runner and shaft fit tolerances runner shaft clearance 62877 brake shaft crank shaft motor assembly briggs 5hp horizontal shaft engine craftsman weedwacker drive shaft t200d two shaft gas turbine unit elect 2011 ford f150 lariat cv shaft guidelines on safety of lift shaft works briggs and stratton horizontal shaft castiron. For two bearings on a shaft, r r a r b if the bearings are to be identical, each bearing should have a reliability equal to the square root of the total desired reliability. In most applications, there are two ball bearings supporting a rotating shaft.
In this study a fiberreinforced composite shaft design is optimized. In analysis situation, can either use these customized equations for factor of safety, or can use standard approach from ch. The torque t that can be transmitted by a tapered shaft. Shaft design introduction standard diameters of shafts torsion.
First, the design of the composite shaft and second, the design of its coupling. A gear can be defined as a toothed wheel which, when meshed with another toothed wheel with similar configuration, will transmit rotation from one shaft to another. Ax ay b b ft1 c 36mm a b c b c ft1 cx 108mm fr1 cy c b c 21 33. If the bearings are not identical, their reliabilities need not be identical, so long as the total reliability is realized. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site.
Video lecture on problem 1 on design of shaft from design of shafts, keys and couplings chapter of design of machine for mechanical engineering students. Also lift motor rooms located at the bottom of the shaft increases the shaft dimensions and increases maintenance electric traction machine above 1. Shaft design based on strengthshaft design based on strength asme d i dasme design code. However, shaft with other cross sections find special application.
Shaft design in this chapter, details of the shaft itself will be examined, including the following. The crankshaft consists of the shaft parts which revolve in the main bearings, the crankpins to which. Design and optimization of 2stage reduction gearbox. The ball bearing inner ring is a press fit on the shaft so there is no relative movement between the two while the shaft is rotating. Design and optimization of automobile propeller shaft with composite materials using fem analysis atul kumar raikwar, prof. The drive shaft, also called a propeller shaft, is commonly a hollow steel tube with yokes welded on the end. Pdf design optimization of automotive propeller shafts. Shaft design free download as powerpoint presentation. Depending upon the type and accuracy of motion desired. The crankshaft consists of the shaft parts which revolve in. It provides the axis of rotation, or oscillation, of elements such as gears, pulleys, flywheels, cranks, sprockets, and the like and. Those with bearings moved farther faster, and history has yet to stop. Specific attention is given to the arrangement of machine elements and features on a shaft, the. Design based on rigidity is to ensure that maximum deflection because of bending and maximum twist due to torsion of the shaft is within the allowable limits.
Chapter 7 shafts and shaft components lecture slides. We will discuss the design concept of a drive shaft subjected to. Shaft design material, types, how to design shaft introduction to the shaft. Shafts are designed on the basis of strength or rigidity or both.
For the design of shafts made of metals with low ductility or fracture toughness, it is customary to apply theoretical stress concentration. Estimating stress concentrations stress analysis for shafts is highly dependent on stress concentrations. A shaft is a rotating member, usually of circular cross section, used to transmit power or motion. A pulle y reduces these effects with rolling contact between the cable and. Design of shaft primarily involves in determining stresses at critical point in the shaft. Why did some civilizations discover bearings and others did not. Furthermore, if the accuracies of shaft and housing are not high enough or bearings are assembled onto the shaft andor housing improperly, the bearing ring can be deformed, possibly leading to a runout that is not in synchronization with the revolutions of bearing. The dimensions of shafts designed for fatigue or static strength are selected relative to the working stress of the shaft material, the torque, the bending loads to be. Duct design quick introduction duct sizing tools and methods recommended duct velocities and noise effects duct fitting pressure losses do and donts of duct design duct applications as 4254. Compare combined stresses to suitable allowable stresses. Machine elements such as gears, pulleys sheaves, flywheels, clutches, and sprockets are mounted on the shaft and are used to transmit power from the driving device motor or engine through a machine.
Material selection geometric layout stress and strength static strength fatigue strength deflection and rigidity bending deflection torsional deflection slope at bearings and shaftsupported elements. Some parameters such as critical speed, static torque, fiber orientation and adhesive joints were. Design, failure analysis and optimization of a propeller. Aerospace design guide 20 aerospace design guide r maximum shaft or housing fillet radius that bearing corner will clear. Stress concentrations depend on size specifications, which are not known the first time through a design process. For example, a machine running at 1800 rpm with 12 inch of spacer shaft length would allow a maximum offset of. Design of propeller shaft dp since the propeller shaft is subjected to both. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. Revolutionsynchronized vibration only nonrevolutionsynchronized. Shaft design asme shaft equations design of shaft for torsional rigidity standard sizes of shafts bending and torsional moments. This cuts the length of each shaft to avoid drive line vibration. Gear design national broach and machine division,of lear siegler, inc.
The tubular design makes the drive shaft strong and light. Determine torque in shafts from gears, pulleys, sprockets, clutches, and couplings. The calculation report saved in html format, can be opened in a web browser or in word for windows. As nature of the bending stress and this axial stress is same, these can be vectorially added for any location on the shaft, so as to get the resultant tensilecompressive stress, which can then be used to find the principal stresses in the shaft. Calculation example splined shaft according to niemann. Stresses will concentrate in the smaller diameter portion, as consider to this change in shaft diameter according to the requirement we can optimize the shaft for better performance and make it more durable.
Pdf design of solid shafts using matlab iaeme iaeme. Machine elements such as gears, pulleys sheaves, flywheels, clutches, and sprockets are mounted on the shaft and are used to transmit power from the driving device. Elevators and escalators design islamic university of gaza. Whenever you think you have a good design, invert it, think of using a completely different type of bearing or mounting, and compare it to what you originally considered. Design based on strength is to ensure that stress at any location of the shaft does not exceed the material yield stress. The shaft is generally acted upon by bending moment, torsion and axial force. A pulle y reduces these effects with rolling contact between the cable and the machine, but it must be of sufficient size, typi. Standard shaft elements such as shoulders and keys have.
Shaft stress calculations shaft 1 diameter38 material. Rigid couplings have no tolerance for misalignment, they should be aligned as accurately as possible. When mounting bearings to support a shaft, the bearings should be spaced 35 shaft diameters apart if the. The shaft is generally acted upon by bending moment, torsion and axial. Bearing selection, and shaft and housing design 1 type of machine 2 main spindle orientation 3 diameter and size of main spindle nc lathe, machining center, grinding machine, etc. Standard shaft elements such as shoulders and keys have standard proportions, making it possible to estimate stress. Craig 25 in machine tool structure, if one is to minimize bending, the length of the structure should be no more than 35 times the depth of the beam. It provides the axis of rotation, or oscillation, of elements such as gears, pulleys. Lecture notes elements of mechanical design mechanical. Shaft design objectives compute forces acting on shafts from gears, pulleys, and sprockets. On very high speed lifts the car requires special design to reduce noise levels and this is. For the design of shafts made of metals with low ductility or fracture toughness, it is. Design of marine propulsion shafting system for 53000 dwt bulk carrier venkatesh boddapati 1, sura sanyasi rao 1, kakarla sumanth and jayavarapu manideep corresponding author. Vertical, horizontal, variabledirection, inclined, etc.
A steel shaft should not run in a steel bore, but it can run in a bronze lined bore e. Shaft diameters need to be sized to fit the shaft components e. Crankshaft types, material, crankshaft design what is crankshaft. July 1984 design of powertransmitting shafts stuart h. Chapter 11 drive lines, differentials, drive axles, and. This course includes a multiplechoice quiz at the end. Design of shaft a shaft is a rotating member usually of circular crosssection solid or hollow, which transmits power and rotational motion. The design of the composite drive shaft is divided into two main sections. Design and optimization of 2stage reduction gearbox 1neeraj patel 2tarun gupta 3aniket wankhede 4vilas warudkar 1 23b. Have information about the various factors that needs to be considered in material. Quick introduction a good duct design is a balance between. Procedures for design and selection of mechanical elements.
Design of shaft new jersey institute of technology. If a belt or cable runs around a fixed shaft, friction between the belt and the shaft can cause the efficiency to be low, and the cable can rapidly wear. Chapter 11 drive lines, differentials, drive axles, and power. Need ease of assembly need minimum slop may need to transmit torque through press fit shaft design requires only nominal shaft diameters precise dimensions, including tolerances, are necessary to finalize design. Shaft stresses for rotating shaft for rotating shaft with steady bending and torsion bending stress is completely reversed, since a stress element on the surface cycles from equal tension to compression during each rotation torsional stress is steady previous equations simplify with m m and t a equal to 0. Shaft is a most common and important machine element. Design and optimization of automobile propeller shaft with. The objective of this chapter is to introduce the concepts and principles of shaft design. How to design a drive shaft drive shaft design for a. The concept of drive shaft design formula is explained in this article with an example shaft design problem. Skf life cycle management design anddevel op ma nuf ac tu re a n d t e s t s p e c i f i c a t i o n i n s t a l l a n d c o m. Bearings bearings are machine elements that allow compo. Shaft design based on strengthshaft design based on strength ai l t ti axial stress continue. Design optimization of automotive propeller shafts.
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